What is an Ankle Cartilage Injury?
An ankle cartilage injury refers to damage to the smooth, elastic tissue (cartilage) that lines the ends of the bones within the ankle joint. Cartilage allows bones to glide over one another with minimal friction and acts as a cushion to absorb shock. When this cartilage becomes damaged, it can lead to pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited motion. In severe cases, it may progress to arthritis if left untreated.
Causes of Ankle Cartilage Injury
Ankle cartilage injuries can result from various factors that stress or damage the joint. Common causes include:
- Ankle sprains or fractures: A sudden twist or trauma can cause the cartilage to tear or crack.
- Repetitive stress: High-impact activities like running or jumping can wear down cartilage over time.
- Joint instability: Chronic ankle instability may lead to uneven pressure and damage to the cartilage.
- Osteochondral lesions: These are areas where both the cartilage and underlying bone are damaged, often due to trauma.
- Degenerative changes: With age or overuse, the cartilage may break down gradually.
What are the Symptoms of Ankle Cartilage Injury?
Symptoms of an ankle cartilage injury can vary depending on the severity of the damage. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Pain deep within the ankle joint, especially with weight-bearing activities
- Swelling around the ankle that may worsen after activity
- Stiffness or limited range of motion in the ankle
- Clicking, catching, or locking sensations in the joint
- Instability or weakness when walking or standing
How is an Ankle Cartilage Injury Diagnosed?
To diagnose an ankle cartilage injury, your doctor will perform a physical exam and review your medical history. Imaging tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the injury:
- X-rays can detect bone involvement or fractures.
- MRI scans provide detailed images of soft tissue, including cartilage.
- CT scans may be used to evaluate bone and cartilage more precisely.
- Diagnostic arthroscopy (a minimally invasive procedure) may be used in some cases to look directly inside the joint.
What are the Treatment Options for Ankle Cartilage Injury?
Treatment depends on the severity and location of the injury. Options include:
- Rest, ice, and elevation to reduce swelling
- Anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief
- Physical therapy to restore strength and motion
- Bracing or orthotics for joint support
- Injections, such as corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid
- Surgical procedures like microfracture, debridement, or cartilage transplantation in more severe cases.
